Every year, International Epilepsy Day (IED) is observed to spread awareness about epilepsy, advocate for patients, and address the challenges they face. In 2025, the theme for IED is "MyEpilepsyJourney", an initiative encouraging individuals to share their personal experiences with epilepsy. By narrating their journeys, this global campaign aims to enhance public understanding, reduce stigma, and build a supportive community for those affected by epilepsy.

Importance of IED

Epilepsy remains a significant global health issue, affecting millions of individuals and their families. Even in well-developed nations, many epilepsy patients lack regular access to anti-seizure medications, and the quality of epilepsy care is often inadequate. Eliminating these barriers to high-quality medical care does not always ensure successful treatment outcomes.

This neurological condition imposes not only physical challenges but also emotional and psychological burdens on patients and their caregivers. Of the estimated 650 lakh epilepsy patients worldwide, approximately 80% reside in developing nations, where new cases arise at a rate of 40-70 per 1,00,000 persons annually. Based on epidemiological and economic assessments, the European Brain Council reported that epilepsy’s disease burden cost approximately 16.1 billion Euros in 2004 and increased to 21.2 billion Euros in 2010.

India has an epilepsy prevalence of 5.59-10 per 1,000 people, with over one crore individuals living with the condition. The prevalence in rural areas (1.9%) surpasses that in urban areas (0.6%), highlighting disparities in medical access and awareness. Additionally, nearly one-third of epilepsy patients are resistant to current therapies, necessitating further research to understand the underlying pathophysiology and develop more effective treatment options.

Recognizing a dedicated day for epilepsy plays a crucial role in raising awareness. It helps combat stigma, improves access to medical resources, and fosters the development of patient-centric policies. Awareness initiatives can drive increased funding for epilepsy research and inspire communities to be more inclusive and understanding towards individuals with epilepsy.

Tackling stigma and human rights issues

Despite medical advancements, people with epilepsy continue to face prejudice, discrimination, and social stigma. The theme for International Epilepsy Day 2025 encourages open conversations, empower individuals to share their struggles, and push for regulatory reforms that protect the rights of epilepsy patients worldwide.

History of IED

IED was first introduced in 2015 by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). The event was created to provide a global platform for epilepsy patients, allowing them to share their personal experiences and challenges. It also aims to advocate for policy changes that enhance their quality of life. By fostering awareness and education, IED helps individuals with epilepsy lead fulfilling lives without fear of discrimination or exclusion.

Epilepsy Prevention

While epilepsy can have various causes, some preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing the condition:

·         Preventing traumatic brain injuries: Since brain injuries often lead to epilepsy, using safety belts and motorcycle helmets can significantly reduce the risk of head trauma.

·         Lowering the risk of stroke and heart disease: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can decrease the chances of developing epilepsy later in life.

·         Preventing infectious diseases: Certain infections can contribute to epilepsy. Vaccinations and immunizations against these diseases can help lower the risk.

·         Maintaining hygiene: Cysticercosis, an infection caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium, is a common cause of epilepsy worldwide. Practicing good hygiene and thoroughly cooking pork can prevent this infection and reduce epilepsy incidence.